Vintage Dinosaur Art: Dinosaurs - Living Monsters of the Past (Part 1)

Here's a book that I bought some months ago, only for it to disappear under a pile of quirkier, more remarkable tomes acquired from eBay. It's very typical early '90s fare (1993 specifically), authored by palaeontologist Michael Benton (who writes a popular book on dinosaurs aimed at a young audience every morning over breakfast) and illustrated by a number of artists, but mostly John Sibbick. However (and quite apart from the fantastic cover), I may have unfairly overlooked it. The Sibbick pieces on their own are worthy of a VDA post, and it's exactly those that I'll be looking at here.



...Which doesn't include the cover, I'm afraid. It's a lovely piece though, painted by Vladimir Krb to accompany an Albertosaurus skeletal mount at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Alberta, Canada. It's here because I gots to include the cover, but I'll discuss it more next time. For now, there's Sibbick to be had.


The book is a fairly straightforward tour through the Mesozoic from start to finish, looking at which dinosaurs lived when, and also going into detail about the history behind some key palaeontological discoveries. Naturally, Plateosaurus pops up right at the start as an example of an Early Large Dinosaur. This reconstruction by Sibbick actually holds up better than many more recent ones, mainly because although the animals are depicted on all fours, they aren't moving anywhere in a hurry. (Or galloping.) Of course, many other aspects of the restoration are dated (the lack of meat at the base of the tail, for example), but for the early '90s it's not bad.


Although equally monochrome, Sibbick's Coelophysis is far more striking than his plateosaurs, decked out as it is in dashing spots-'n'-stripes. When compared with the Normanpedia Coelophysis (which was still being widely copied by other artists at the time), this is an altogether sleeker, more birdlike and less awkward-looking beast, and the fine details still impress; note the convincing flexion of the feet and toes as the animal strides forwards. Lovely vegetation, too.


In addition to the 'feature dinos', Sibbick also illustrated collections of closely-related animals. In this case, it's Now That's What I Call Stegosaurs, with the eponymous beastie standing proudly at the top. Moving clockwise around, we then have Tuojiangosaurus, Kentrosaurus, Lexovisaurus (middle) and Dacentrurus. For the most part these are rather nicely done - the Stegosaurus is reminiscent of the beautiful model made by Stephen Czerkas, only with a different plate arrangement. All of them have a very 'modern' look, with erect necks, tails and limbs. Only the Kentrosaurus seems a bit of a cop out - it's comparatively shapeless and non-descript, its legs hidden by generic-o-shrubs as if Sibbick couldn't be arsed finishing them. And the shoulder (or should that be hip?) spikes are missing. [EDIT: It may be that the caption in my copy has Dacentrurus and Kentrosaurus reversed - thanks to Vladimir Nikolov for pointing this out over on Facebook.] Still, lovely stuff overall.


Giant sauropods - now we're talking. Unlike those in some of Sibbick's '80s work, these are very much sauropods in the post-Dino Renaissance mould, tails held proudly aloft, striding purposefully forward and not taking no nonsense from nobody. Somehow, Sibbick pulls off the feat of making them look massive without much in the way of a point of reference (save the trees in the background); there's a firm impression of all that fleshy tonnage (and accurate feet to boot). That'll be Supersaurus (with snazzy stripes) at the back, perhaps slightly oversized in relation to Brachiosaurus, which here takes the middle ground. On the left we have...Brachiosaurus again. Sort of. As you've probably guessed, it's actually intended to represent the chimeratastic 'Ultrasauros', that long-forgotten mainstay of '90s dinosaur books - composed, fittingly enough, of parts from Brachiosaurus and Supersaurus.


Predictably, the book's theropods are far more dated than the sauropods, mainly thanks to all those pesky fluffy things that people keep turning up. Still, for the early '90s these dromaeosaurs (and extra) are all right - well proportioned and convincingly less lizardy-looking than the Normanpedia versions. The largest dromaeosaur is Deinonychus, of course, depicted with a retro-style allosauresque muzzle, while Dromaeosaurus and Velociraptor take the rear and front, respectively. Velociraptor's skull is especially well observered, as is that of Baryonyx. Which begs the question: what is Baryonyx doing here? Well, the title of the spread in which this illustration features is 'The Sickle Claws', and Benton notes in the text that
"It is still not clear whether Baryonyx is a deinonychid or not, and indeed it is not certain whether the claw went on its hand or foot!"
Which is curious, as I thought that everyone was quite certain by '93 that the heavy claws went on the hands, though my memories of the time largely consist of me watching a certain movie and then playing with my Command Compound Playset. Regardless, Sibbick's illustration depicts Baryonyx in its typical role of specialised fish eater, which is fine, but I do like that Dromaeosaurus is shown making off with a small lizard-like animal (as opposed to leaping at a giant hadrosaur much larger than itself, or something equally daft).



And speaking of giant hadrosaurs (seamless, I know)...here they are! Mostly in the form of cool haids. As usual, this lot appear to be modelling for a salon crest product catalogue; the crestless ones are Hadrosaurus (top) and Edmontosaurus (bottom), and you know the rest. Some lovely patterning again here, especially on Saurolophus' disembodied head, while poor old Tsintaosaurus' phallic appendage has never looked so upsettingly veiny. Noteworthy is the very Paulian appearance of the full-bodied hadrosaurs, now clearly depicted as being primarily quadrupedal. They're very well done for the time.


The other classical herbivores of the Cretaceous, the ceratopsians (titanosaurs? Who they?), are resplendent in all their monochromatic Sibbickian glory. They may look a little '90s-skinny these days (only Triceratops seems convincingly bulky), but these are still excellent illustrations. The Styracosaurus, with its slightly haggard, angular appearance and staring, beady eye is my favourite. It's just a shame that Sibbick didn't see fit to adorn these beasts with the same sort of beautiful patterning as seen elsewhere in the book - those frills are asking for it.


And finally...tyrannosaurs. It's normally quite easy to guess who's who, but some odd decisions have been made here that make it unclear. According to the caption, we have (from left to right) Daspletosaurus, Tyrannosaurus and Tarbosaurus. Whereas Daspletosaurus' head is alarmingly shrink-wrapped, the noggin on Rexy doesn't seem to fit a real T. rex skull very well at all, instead resembling that of a sort of generic giant carnivorous dinosaur. The arms are also far too long in the case of Tyrannosaurus and Tarbosaurus, and while this was very common at the time, it's especially jarring on the latter, which had stupid tiddly arms even for a tyrannosaur. I do like the perspective on the Tarbosaurus (unusual and effective), and Sibbick's produced plenty of brilliant tyrannosaur illustrations since, but it's a shame that Rexy couldn't have been more Sexy in this case.

Next time: more from Living Monsters, including Greg Paul (for it is he) and half a Tyrannosaurus. Right after I move house.

Why I Believe: Evidence Forty-eight: “Zingers” in the Book of Mormon, Part 5: "Wo to the Uncircumcised of Heart.”


101 Reasons Why I Believe Joseph Smith Was a Prophet

Evidence Forty-eight:
“Zingers” in the Book of Mormon, Part 5:
“Wo to the Uncircumcised of Heart”© 

In the last part of the very doctrinal chapter of 2 Nephi 9, Jacob, Nephi’s brother issues ten wos(1) to those who have the law of God but do not live it. The fifth one, found in verse 33, is:
Wo unto the uncircumcised of heart, for a knowledge of their iniquities shall smite them at the last day.
Recently my interest in the idea of the “uncircumcised heart” resurfaced, so I decided to do a bit more study. It was rewarded with some important insights which I document below.  

In ancient Israel circumcision was a “token” of the Abrahamic covenant with God. (Gen. 17:11) A man who was uncircumcised had either not yet entered into the covenant or was breaking it. (Gen.17:11, 14.) According to the LDS Bible Dictionary, it “symbolized some aspects of separation or dedication (1) to God, to whom Israel belonged; (2) from the world, the uncircumcised with whom Israel might not mix; (3) from sin (Deut. 10:16; 30:6; Jer. 4:45; 9:25-26; Ezek. 44:7).”(2)  Later in the 9th chapter of Helaman, Nephi speaking to his opponents said, “O ye fools, ye uncircumcised of heart, ye blind, and ye stiffnecked people, do ye know how long the Lord your God will suffer you that ye shall go on in this your way of sin?” (vs. 21, this and emphasis below added.) Here we find the uncircumcised heart associated with the blind eye and the stiff neck, all of which are characterized as sin.
The idea of being uncircumcised in heart is found in both the Old and New Testaments. The Lord told Moses:
41) And that I [God] also have walked contrary to them [the Israelites], and have brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity; 42)Then will I remember my covenant with Jacob ....  (Lev. 26:41-42.)
Here the concept appears to be born out of pride inasmuch as it is only when the people are humbled that they will be in a state worthy to have the Lord remember his covenant with them.

Jeremiah also accused the Israelites in his day of this condition: “Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart.” (Jer. 9:26) Ezekiel spoke in similar terms regarding those who were not to be permitted in the Temple:
7.  In that ye have brought into my sanctuary strangers, uncircumcised in heart, and uncircumcised in flesh, to be in my sanctuary, to pollute it, even my house, when ye offer my bread, the fat and the blood, and they have broken my covenant because of all your abominations.
8.  And ye have not kept the charge of mine holy things: but ye have set keepers of my charge in my sanctuary for yourselves.
9.Thus saith the Lord GOD; No stranger, uncircumcised in heart, nor uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into my sanctuary, of any stranger that is among the children of Israel. (Ezekiel 44:7-9)
It seems both important and relevant to ask why those with uncircumcised hearts would pollute the temple?

In Acts 7, Stephen accused the Jews in the Savior's day of being “stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost as your fathers did, so do ye.”  (vs. 51)   Stephen adds “ears” to the list of heart and eyes and neck. These two latter conditions constitute the third and fourth “wo” pronounced by Jacob in verses 31 and 32.  Blind eyes, deaf ears, stiff necks, and hard (uncircumcised) hearts are the tetralogy of characteristics which so often describe and define the proud and rebellious.
Paul wrote: “But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter, whose praise is not of men, but of God.”(Rom. 2:29) Circumcision was the outward symbol of the covenant, but the outward ordinance was supposed to symbolize an inward condition.  On the other hand, uncircumcision refers metaphorically to those whose eyes and ears are covered, whose neck is iron and heart is flint, that is whose soul and senses are closed to divine instruction and admonition. Without the inner conversion, transformation, and commitment, the outward ordinance is more then meaningless, it is a form of iniquity which will stand against us at the “last day.” (2 Ne. 9:33)

Above I spoke of the rewards of my effort to study the concept of the “uncircumcised heart.”  Not the least of those is that this little zinger in the Book of Mormon is totally consistent with similar teachings found in the Old and New Testament. More importantly, it, as do the Biblical references, places the emphasis in the right place.  One must not only be a hearer of the word, but a doer of it as well. One must not only appear to be a Christian, one must love Christ, his gospel, righteousness and holiness. As important as the ordinances are, they are intended to symbolize and facilitate internal spiritual changes and transformations. The sweet spirit and Christian morality of the Book of Mormon is in this instance completely consistent with the Bible.  In this light it is difficult to say with a straight and sober face that Mormonism is not Christian or that Joseph Smith sought to lead people away from Christ.  The evidence in this case suggests just the opposite.

Thank God for Joseph Smith!

Let’s think together again, soon.


Notes:

1.  Wos or woes, are often found in groups and sometimes in contrast to a list of “blesseds.”  They are not just indicators of difficulties and judgments to follow; they can be the signal of a curse.

2.  LDS Bible Dictionary, p. 646.

Guest Post: A Look Back at Crichton's Lost World

Today we welcome Rohan Long to the blog to offer his insights about The Lost World novel. Rohan is a zoology teaching guy at University of Melbourne. You can find him on Twitter @zoologyrohan and listen to his new musical project, Bronzewing, at bronzewing.bandcamp.com. Take it away, Rohan!


The Lost World, published by Michael Crichton in 1995, must have been one of the most anticipated literary sequels of all time. And yet, it seems to have been forgotten almost instantly.

The basic plot (spoiler alert?) is that mathematician Ian Malcolm has teamed up with palaeontologist Dr. Richard Levine to find a remote, isolated region where non-avian dinosaurs have escaped extinction. The appearance of a number of unusual animal specimens leads them to Isla Sorna in Costa Rica. They are joined on the island by field biologist Sarah Harding, a couple of engineers who designed their gear and two precocious high school students – you can almost see Spielberg standing over Crichton’s shoulder at the computer, cajoling him to add some kids to the cast. Unbeknownst to our team, they are followed to the island by unscrupulous geneticist Lewis Dodgson and his team of expendable dinosaur chew toys who are attempting to steal the animals for their own nefarious ends (again).

Writerly advice? Illustration © David Orr 2016.

In contrast to Jurassic Park’s amiable Alan Grant, Crichton writes Levine as an irritating pedant, albeit one with the fierce intelligence to back it up; “the best palaeobiologist of his generation, perhaps the best in the world”. Yet it’s hard to believe that a brilliant, world-renowned scientist would think that a remnant population of living dinosaurs is a plausible scenario. This is fringe stuff; the sort of thing only taken seriously by young Earth creationists and cryptozoologists. Levine even puts forward Mokele-mbembe – a folkloric sauropod from the Congo beloved by both aforementioned groups – as supporting evidence for his ‘lost world hypothesis’, a suggestion more befitting a recreational sasquatch hunter than a world authority on palaeontology.

Malcolm’s stated reason for being on this expedition is that it will allow him to work out the cause of the Cretaceous mass extinction. This is basically a silly idea and Crichton is coy as to how exactly one would make this deduction. The majority of the dinosaur species on the island weren’t even alive during this era. Ok, Tyrannosaurus, Triceratops, Parasaurolophus and Pachycephalosaurus were right there at the KT boundary, but how is the behaviour of say, Procompsognathus - extinct around 145 million years earlier - going to contribute to this theory? There’s a constant nagging question plaguing the book - why on earth would Malcolm willingly place himself on yet another island full of blood-thirsty dinosaurs - and this flimsy premise for a science experiment cannot and does not fulfil this narrative shortcoming.

Throughout the novel, there’s an unearned air of absolute certainty from the scientist characters. We hear Harding explaining exactly what the predator-prey ecology should be like on the island, Levine authoritatively identifying dinosaurs to species level based on a glance – how could they possibly know this stuff? Crichton was by no means a stupid man, but half way through The Lost World I felt like I was reading Dunning-Kruger Effect: The Novel. A vast amount of the dialogue is clearly intended to make the reader think, ‘Wow! These people are so smart!’ – and that’s certainly how I responded when I was younger – but this time around I found it grating and unwarranted.

In the later years of his career, Crichton showed a tendency toward scientific conservatism and denialism. Knowing this, it’s hard not to pick up on passages in The Lost World as precursors to this kind of thinking. One of Malcolm’s early speeches about the nature of evolutionary thought contains noticeable creationist talking points – even quoting Hoyle’s famous line about evolution being as improbable as ‘a tornado sweeping through a junkyard and assembling a Boeing 747’. The final statement of the book, spoken by engineer Thorne, but it could have easily come from Malcolm or Levine, basically states that because people used to believe in phlogiston and the like, all science is fantasy and can’t be trusted.

I’m critical of The Lost World, but I have enjoyed revisiting it. I realised that this novel contained some of the most evocative scenes of life at a university and as a field researcher that I had read as a young person. The descriptions of Levine and Malcolm’s research and meetings at academic institutions in California, the passages about Sarah Harding’s work on hyenas and her struggles as a female scientist; these really stuck with me as a teenager. That’s what I’m hoping to take away from this re-reading and not the silly caricature of science so inevitable of mass-produced pop culture.


And as a bonus treat, I really dig Rohan's Bronzewing album, so take a listen.

Patronizing Paleoart

How do paleoartists support themselves? It's hard enough for any artist, and illustrating ancient taxa and environments is a niche pursuit. Add to that the significant investment of time, equipment, and research effort required to make an original piece of paleoart that can stand up to scrutiny, and the challenges are obvious. It's damned hard to make a living doing it.

Some have taken to Patreon, a crowdfunding platform that allows for monthly pledges from a base of patrons to supplement, and hopefully sustain, careers. Having seen a number of my comrades take to Patreon over the last year or so, I've delved in and assembled a list of all of the paleoart Patreon campaigns I could find. Since there's not a huge list at the moment, I also included other dinosaur-related projects that deserve attention. Please feel free to add any in the comments that I may have missed.

Mark Witton

Mike Keesey

Angela Connor

Brian Engh

Stevie Moore

Darren Naish

John Conway

H. McGill

Natasha Alterici

Duane Nash

Chris Kastner

Abigail Hamaker

Nicholas Nikopoulos

Rebecca Groom

Brian Switek

A Dinosaur A Day


Not all of these are Scientific Illustration in the strictest sense, but I'm of a mind that creative work that honors contemporary paleontological science and thoughtfully depicts ancient life in a way that provokes curiosity should be part of the conversation. Can a work like Mike Keesey's Paleocene spark an interest in paleontology even though it features talking animals? Of course it can.

Paleoart is part of the larger effort of paleontological outreach, and is therefore dependent on how much money flows to publishing researchers and their institutions. In an ideal world, researchers would earn enough to live comfortably and their work would be sufficiently funded to pay illustrators enough to do the same. While it's true that we arguably have more paleoartists turning out work than at any other point in history—flooding the market as it were—we also live in a time of unprecedented discovery and description of new taxa. The public deserves to have richly illustrated paleoart accompanying many of these publications, and scientists and artists deserve the compensation to fill that need.

Until we're closer to that ideal world, most paleoartists who hope to make a career of it have to add self-promotion, business management, and website development to their already-full plate. To sell their wares, they may choose one of many print-on-demand services like Zazzle, Society6, Redbubble, or DeviantArt. If they are able, they may choose to produce and fulfill prints on their own, with the risks and labor inherent in that.

Thanks for reading! I hope this post sends a few pledges these folks' way. While I've been busy enough with freelance projects and work that I've not been able to devote much time to LITC lately, I have a couple paleoart-related projects on the burners, with which I hope to address the needs of paleoartists and the sustainability of the craft as a field. Stay tuned for more on this over the next several months.

The Agony and Ecstasy of Eyeshadow Application

*Post originally written by Olivia J on The Unknown Beauty Blog. If you read this post elsewhere, it has been stolen.*


If you didn't read my last post, Aldona is helping me with an eyeshadow enigma.  My brain has been working overtime on a tutorial which would make eyes look bigger and better than ever.  The hardest part is adapting or modifying it to suit the life of the everyday makeup lover.
I beg you, click to read more »

Vintage Dinosaur Art: Dinosaurs, National Geographic, January 1993 - Free poster bonus!

Those of you with a nostalgic fondness for the January '93 issue of National Geographic featured in the last post will likely recall the free poster to be found within. Happily, the copy of the magazine that I bought on eBay arrived complete with said freebie, in all of its glossy, double-sided 1990s glory. One side of the poster displays a map of North America in the Late Cretaceous, surrounded by groups of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs illustrated by John Sibbick; the other features 'Dawn on the Delta', a lovely panorama starring Anchiceratops and painted by Robert Giusti. Let's look at the Sibbick side first of all, and specifically this delightful group of hadrosaurs, because the whole thing won't fit in my scanner and my photographs of it are terrible.


Well, OK, it's actually 'hadrosaurs and pachycephalosaurs', thrown in at the back because they were bipedal herbivores or summink. Unfortunately, the foreground ornithopods easily steal Stigipachymolochosaurus' thunder, looking as handsome and colourful as they do. For the early '90s these really are marvellous, with hands made for walking (rather than dangling awkwardly) and a convincing heft. Lambeosaurus in particular looks resplendent in its lovely Sibbickian green camouflage livery, delivering a suitably disdainful look toward the viewer. In fact, all of the middle three look almost like they're posing moodily and pouting, like they're modelling for some sort of hadrosaur salon photo shoot. Glorious red balloon atop Saurolophus, too. (The slightly anachronistic groupings are deliberate, by the way, just as they were in the Normanpedia. So stop yer moaning.)


The hadrosaurs are very pretty on their own, but before we carry on I should probably give some indication of what the whole poster looks like. So here it is. As I said, I found it very difficult to photograph with my wee compact camera. Apologies. Hey, look over there, ceratopsians!


The behorned ones display a bow-armed posture now considered quite likely, although the show off on the right might just be squaring up against the viewer. The restorations are dated in some respects (the hands) and Triceratops' frill appears to have collapsed, but it's still top drawer Sibbick. The heads of the two centrosaurs are drawn from tricky angles with the utmost attention to detail. And look, there's a bonus '90s Troodon! Is it me, or does it suddenly feel chilly in here?


Time for TANKS. The perspective on Euoplocephalus is great, but Sibbick may well have underestimated just how extremely wide and flat-topped the beast was. Edmontonia is a little disappointingly brown, although admittedly the rather severe, unwieldy, unfriendly look of ankylosaurs doesn't lend itself well to colourful gaiety. Also, the TANKS we have today do tend to be brown. Or grey.


Of course, ankylosaurs evolved their strange looks and spikes as a defence against the bone-crushing mega-bites of the most awesomest of dinosaurs - the tyrannosaurs. Here, Daspletosaurus enjoys a dip as lanky Albertosaurus juveniles sprint by, whereas a slightly unbalanced looking Sexy Rexy just hangs around in the background, lest he make the rest look decidedly puny by comparison. Happily, Sibbick's habit of giving his large theropods a convincing sense of mass is very much evident here; there was a tendency at the time to draw these multi-tonne behemoths skipping around like little girls on the way back from school. The tagliatelle tails and Greg Paul-esque curled-up pronated forearms are dated now, but at least Rexy has nice short, stocky arms. Some people forgot that back in '93.


As a bonus, here are the various marine creatures hanging around above Rexy's head. Some of them haven't aged especially well - the Tylosaurus (with Chaz Knight crest!) appears particularly dated, and that Elasmosaurus looks rather...off to me, although you'd have to ask a marine reptile guy. Cool colours on the Xiphactinus, mind.


The other side of the poster is a very different affair, featuring as it does a single large, panoramic illustration, although there are still plenty of interesting beasties to look at, dinosaur or otherwise. The star is Anchiceratops, the chasmosaurine you always forget about in favour of one of the more famous ones. Elsewhere we have boring old Edmontosaurus, the stinkin' mammal Cimolestes, turtle Aspideretes, Quetzalcoatlus, a plesiosaur (just visible doing a Nessie behind the wallowing hadrosaur) and a cockroach, who wished to remain anonymous. It's a bustling scene with an admirable variety of flora and fauna, and even it it does look a little contrived it remains very informative.


The central Anchiceratops is depicted shielding a tiny baby, which is very cute with its stumpy horns and snub-nosed face and d'awww. Giusti's painting is certainly excellent, with the vegetation is especially well detailed. The dinosaurs' skin is very Sibbickian, and it seems Giusti drew quite a lot of inspiration from the Normanpedia...


...For lurking in the background are these oddly mismatched Anchiceratops, plainly modelled on different Normanpedia ceratopsians. Sibbick's Anchiceratops (fittingly enough) provided the head for the one on the left, while the individual furthest forward is clearly based on his Centrosaurus. The middle one likely draws on the NP Triceratops. Elsewhere, Sibbickian head-nubbined Quetzalcatlus fly overhead. In the end, although Sibbick only illustrated one side of this poster, his all-conquering influence pervades the other side, too! Still, it's a pleasing piece from Giusti. I'd hang it on me wall.

Coming up next time: I'm moving home soon, so it might be a while! Do bear with me.

The Unpaved Beauty Blogging Road

*Post originally written by Olivia J on The Unknown Beauty Blog.*


By now, the road of this beauty blog stands at a personal one. I have given over 200% of myself on the majority of these posts including ones I really didn’t want to write up. With the way beauty blogging is going, to say I have given up is close to the truth.
I beg you, click to read more »